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Victim assistance, victim advocates and legal resources for rape survivors
If you are reporting a rape you need to find a victim's advocate who will walk you through the process. For immediate victim assistance call RAINN at 1 800-656-HOPE, 1 800-879-6682 or 1 800-211-7996 - 24 hours a day. For victim assistance or attorney referrals call 1 (800) FYI-CALL, email gethelp@ncvc.org or write to:
Victim Services, National Center for Victims of Crime, 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 480, Washington, DC 20036
For further assistance resources scroll down.
For information on Reporting a rape click here.
Reporting|Victim blame|Crisis hotlines|Rape crisis centers|Help rape victims|Message boards|Effects of rape|Health|Therapy|Medical|Partners|
You may want to obtain a victim's advocate first. You can find one at your:
- Local rape crisis center via RAINN 1-800-656-HOPE
http://www.rainn.org
- The National Organization for Victim Assistance
http://www.try-nova.org
- Services provided to sexual assault victims from the Office for Victims of Crime
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/rape.htm
- Victim assistance resources by state from the Office for Victims of Crime.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/state.htm
For International resources contact your local crisis center, Victim Support, International victim assistance, the International Bar Association or The Rights of Women site.http://www.victimsupport.org/ or http://www.vaonline.org/ or http://www.ibanet.org/ or http://www.ibiblio.org/rcip//internl.html or http://www.rightsofwomen.org.uk/
Do You Need to Find Legal Help? Try the ABA Consumers' Guide to Legal Help
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/findlegalhelp/home.cfm
The National Victim Center (2111 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington VA 22201, Tel 703-276-2880, Fax 703-276-2889) maintains a list of victims' lawyers in each state who are members of the organization. See articles on this topic.
Directory of victim assistance
State crime victim phone numbers for Crime Victim Compensation, Domestic Violence Coalitions and Sexual Assault Coalitions.
Federal agencies phone numbers.
This section contains
Legal resources , victim assistance, disability payments, what help is available in your state, statute of limitations on rape by state, and statute of limitations information for child sexual abuse.
Over-view:
ABA Consumers' Guide to Legal Help
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/findlegalhelp/home.cfm
A state by state directory of legal assistance from the American Bar Association. You may also try the State and Local Bar Association Directory
http://www.abanet.org/barserv/stlobar.html
Statute of limitations by state from RAINN
http://www.rainn.org/public-policy/public-policy-resources.html
http://criminal.findlaw.com/crimes/a-z/rape.html
The legal definition of rape from findlaw. Enter your zip code for state specific information.
Criminal law sexual assault information from findlaw
http://criminal.findlaw.com/
Type in your zip code for basic information for the public. Scroll down or click here for victim assistance. Sexual assault information is located under the alphabetic menu.
http://criminal.findlaw.com/crimes/crime_victims.html
Find a lawyer:
Do You Need to Find Legal Help? Try the ABA Consumers' Guide to Legal Help
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/findlegalhelp/home.cfm
http://www.martindale.com/xp/Martindale/home.xml
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/probono/directory.html
National Crime Victim Bar Association
http://www.ncvc.org/vb/main.aspx?dbID=DB_VictimsInfo126
State and Local Bar Association Directory
http://www.abanet.org/barserv/stlobar.html
Non-profit resources
http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbID=DB_VictimAssistance207
The National Center for Victims of Crime works to make sure all crime victims get the assistance and information they need. We are committed to doing our best to help you.
http://www.aardvarc.org/victim/
A comprehensive collection of victim assistance resources. See the menu on the left side.
National Organization for Victim Assistance
www.try-nova.org
The National Organization for Victim Assistance is a private, non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization of victim and witness assistance programs and practitioners, criminal justice agencies and professionals, mental health professionals, researchers, former victims and survivors, and others committed to the recognition and implementation of victim rights and services.
(202) 232-6682
(800) try-nova
Mental illness, like a physical illness, can be disabling. Persons with a serious mental illness are just as entitled to disability payments as persons with a serious physical illness. If you or your relative has a mental illness such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, manic depression, or another disabling brain disorder (mental illness), you may be entitled to benefits from the Social Security Administration. For all inquiries, call the Social Security Administration at 1-800-772-1213.
National Center for Victims of Crimewww.ncvc.org
The National Center maintains a comprehensive collection of on-line resources in addition to our extensive database of service providers for referrals. The NCVC has a toll-free helpline (1-800-FYI-CALL or 1-800-211-7996 (tty/tdd)) or (202) 467-8700 for assistance finding information.
Find out what the statute of limitations on rape and sexual assault is in your state (from RAINN)
http://www.rainn.org/what-should-i-do/criminal-statutes-of-limitation.html
Sign up (or sign in) for- ask a lawyer- free legal advice forum on delphiforums.
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/probono/directory.html
A directory of pro bono legal resources.
State and Local Bar Association Directory
http://www.abanet.org/barserv/stlobar.html
National Crime Victim Bar Association
http://www.ncvc.org/vb/main.aspx?dbID=DB_VictimsInfo126
Civil Justice for Victims of Crime- How to find an attorney, what information to have ready, and a guide for crime victims interested in civil justice. (800) FYI-CALL for a referral.
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/findlegalhelp/home.html
From the American Bar Association- a guide to seeking legal help.
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
http://www.nsvrc.org/
The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC) is a comprehensive collection and distribution center for information, statistics, and resources related to sexual violence. It serves as a resource for state, territory, and tribal anti-sexual assault coalitions, rape crisis centers, allied organizations, community projects, policy-makers, government entities, media, educators, health care providers and others working to address and eliminate sexual assault.
Manual for prosecution in ghb and date rape drug cases
http://www.ndaa-apri.org/publications/apri/violence_against_women.html
American Bar Association Legal Research page
http://www.abanet.org/tech/ltrc/lawlink/home.html
Lawlink provides quick access to important legal information from the American Bar Association and other resources. Each site is selected and evaluated by a member of the ABA's Legal Technology Resource Center staff.
American Bar Association Legal Guide for Women
The ABA Legal Guide for Women covers what every woman needs to know about the law and her rights. It explains women's rights to prevent sex discrimination and sexual harassment at school and work; pregnancy leave, parental leave, and working from home; rights and responsibilities in marriage; the rights of unmarried couples and same-sex couples; divorce and separation; and child support, custody and visitation. Special chapters deal with women's health and reproductive issues, including infertility, contraception, pregnancy, and abortion. Chapters also deal with the law on sexual assault and domestic violence, credit issues for women, and retirement and estate planning. Written in a plain, direct style, without legal jargon, it will help women understand and deal with these important legal aspects of their lives.
Private Sector Resources
One-click search of sex offender databases
http://www.criminalcheck.com/
PublicData.com is providing one-click search of sex offender databases in most states.
Legal resources for victims of sexual abuse
http://www.smith-lawfirm.com/resources.html
General information for victims including how to find a lawyer (directory), statute of limitations, current events and recommended reading.
http://www.womenlawyers.com/direct1.htm
Listings by state- if you are unable to locate an attorney in our directory, you might want to try your local bar associations
http://www.martindale.com/xp/Martindale/home.xml
Martindale directory of lawyers. Most attorneys submit profile information to this directory. This is a good place to look if you are trying to locate a specific attorney by name or area.
Directory of state legal organizations
http://www.alllaw.com/legal_organizations/bar_associations_state/
This includes state bar associations.
Government Resources
Services provided to victims of sexual assault and rape
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/rape.htm
National Registry of Sex Offenders
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cid/cac/states.htm
National Registry of Sex Offenders. You can view photographs and names of registered offenders by State and City in many areas of the US.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/state.htm
Click on the map of states to view local resources.
Office for Victims of Crime Resource Center
Criminal Justice Reference Center
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc
The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) was established by the 1984 Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) to oversee diverse programs that benefit victims of crime.
(800) 627-6872
What is a victim impact statement?
http://www.ncvc.org/
"The term "victim impact statement" refers to written or oral information about the impact of the crime on the victim and the victim's family. Victim impact statements are most commonly used at sentencing. Such statements provide a means for the court to refocus its attention, at least momentarily, on the human cost of the crime. They also provide a way for the victim to participate in the criminal justice process. The right to make an impact statement generally is extended beyond the direct victim to homicide survivors, the parent or guardian of a minor victim, and the guardian or representative of an incompetent or incapacitated victim."
http://www.ncsconline.org/D_KIS/info_court_web_sites.html#state
Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and
"The many provisions for crime victims’ rights and remedies are presented, including the Justice for All Act of 2004, which was enacted since the publication of the last edition of this guide."
International Victim Assistance / Legal Resources
International victim assistance
http://www.vaonline.org/
This site has a world wide directory of victim assistance organizations.
The Global Legal Information Network (GLIN)
http://www.glin.gov/
The Global Legal Information Network (GLIN) is a database of laws, regulations, judicial decisions, and other complementary legal sources contributed by governmental agencies and international organizations. These GLIN members contribute the official full texts of published documents to the database in their original language. Each document is accompanied by a summary in English and subject terms selected from the multilingual index to GLIN.
http://www.ibanet.org/
The truly global law organisation for individual legal professionals, bar associations and law societies.
http://www.rightsofwomen.org.uk/
"Rights of Women works to attain justice and equality by informing, educating and empowering women on their legal rights."
Legal Research
Educational Resources
If you are doing legal research I would recommend making an appointment to speak with a librarian at an area Law Library. If you call and make an appointment ahead of time you will be sure to get the time and attention you need. You can also just stop at the reference desk and ask a research question without calling ahead. Local Universities often have law libraries.
That way the librarian can direct you to the exact resource you need and show you how to use it most efficiently.
American Bar Association Legal Research page
http://www.abanet.org/tech/ltrc/lawlink/home.html
Lawlink provides quick access to important legal information from the American Bar Association and other resources. Each site is selected and evaluated by a member of the ABA's Legal Technology Resource Center staff.
Supreme Court decisions 1990 - present, from LLI
http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/supct/search.html
Under archive of decisions select "by topic" 1990- present. Click the criminal law link and then add the search term "sexual assault" in the text box.
Reference books for legal research
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awlaw3/catalogs.html
This is an example of a library of congress search heading:
Trials (Rape)"Today, there are two major legal encyclopedias:
- Corpus Juris Secundum (CJS) (1936-) and
- American Jurisprudence (AmJur), 2nd edition, (1952-)
For historical research, the older editions, Corpus Juris (1914-37) and American Jurisprudence (1936-52), are useful, as well as The American and English Encyclopaedia of Law (1887-96; 2nd edition, 1896-1905) and Ruling Case Law (1914-21). It is important to remember that each of these encyclopedias is different. Different topics, different subject headings, and different case law may be provided in each. In Corpus Juris Secundum each section has a summary of the law, usually in boldface type, and a reference to a topic heading (a key number) used in the West Digest System, which gives further access to related case law. In American Jurisprudence, research references (usually to American Law Reports, or ALR) are given under each major heading."
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awlaw3/legal.html
http://www.law.usyd.edu.au/~library/pathfind/intlaw_p.htm
Bledsoe, RL and Boczek, BA International law dictionary, Santa Barbara, Calif, ABC-CLIO, 1987.
Location:Law Ref 341.03 4. This has 368 entries grouped by subject matter into twelve chapters.Fox, JR Dictionary of international and comparative law, 2nd ed, New York, Oceana Publications, 1997
Location: Law Ref 341.03 6A This has journal abbreviations, popular international law case and convention names.Parry, C et al Encyclopaedic dictionary of international law, New York, Oceana Publications, 1986
Location: Law Ref 341.03 3. This too includes journal abbreviations, popular international law case and convention names.Encyclopaedia of public international law, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co, 1981-1990, Vols 1-12. Location: Law Ref 341.03 1. Each volume covers a particular subject then within each volume are numerous entries. This was updated, partly in 1992 and 1995 with the publication of Encyclopaedia of public international law, Vol 1 A-D; Vol 2 E-I. Other volumes forthcoming.
Databases
The two main legal databases are Westlaw and Lexis / Nexis.
Often these are only available for second year law students and are pass-worded because they are very expensive. Sometimes you can access LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe through the main database listings but it is not the same as the one law students use.
Other databases:
- APAIS: social sciences and public affairs
- LegalTrac: A major general law index. Produced in the U.S. but indexes journals from other countries and has a wide coverage.
- Wilson's Index to Legal Periodicals (WilsonWeb): It has an American focus and also has a wide coverage of other jurisdictions.
- Legal Journals Index: This is a British publication and its coverage is Britain and Europe.
- Women's Resources International: Described by the US publisher as the ultimate women's studies resource. It includes Child Abuse and Neglect and a Family Studies database as well as covering all women's issues
Further Online Resources
http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com/
For legal professionals. See below link for state specific information.
Other legal resources: Black's Law Dictionary, 8th
Legal definition of rape from findlaw by state
http://criminal.findlaw.com/crimes/a-z/rape.html
The legal definition of rape from findlaw. Enter your zip code for state specific information. Sexual assault See also: criminal law from findlaw in the legal section of this site.
Cornell Legal Research Encyclopedia
http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/library/encyclopedia/
See: women and the law. This is a good research tool as it has links to other research sites under each subject. There is a link to InSITE: InSITE highlights selected law-related World Wide Web sites.
Cornell's Legal information Institute
Subscribe to Sexual Violence Legal News
http://www.nesl.edu/csr/svnews/
From the New England School of Law.
The author is not responsible for any contents linked or referred to from his or her pages - unless s/he has full knowledge of illegal contents and would be able to prevent the visitors of his site from viewing those pages. If any damage occurs by the use of information presented there, only the author of the respective pages might be liable, not the one who has linked to these pages. Furthermore the author is not liable for any postings or messages published by users of discussion boards, guestbooks or mailinglists provided on his or her page. The author is not a psychiatrist or physician / medical doctor or legal attorney of any sort. This website is not intended to replace medical, psychiatric or legal assistance. Please seek professional attention as needed.
References
*sorted by relevance
Evaluations of the victim advocacy system:
Campbell, Rebecca (2006). Rape Survivors' Experiences With the Legal and Medical Systems: Do Rape Victim Advocates Make a Difference? Violence Against Women, 12 (1), p30-45, 16p. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
"This study used a naturalistic quasi-experimental design to examine whether rape survivors who had the assistance of rape victim advocates had more positive experiences with the legal and medical systems compared to those who did not work with advocates. Eighty-one survivors were interviewed in two urban hospitals about what services they received from legal and medical system personnel and how they were treated during these interactions. Survivors who had the assistance of an advocate were significantly more likely to have police reports taken and were less likely to be treated negatively by police officers. These women also reported less distress after their contact with the legal system. Similarly, survivors who worked with an advocate during their emergency department care received more medical services, including emergency contraception and sexually transmitted disease prophylaxis, reported significantly fewer negative interpersonal interactions with medical system personnel, and reported less distress from their medical contact experiences."
Wasco, S. M., Campbell, R., Howard, A., Mason, G. E., Staggs, S. L., Schewe, P. A., et al. (2004). A statewide evaluation of services provided to rape survivors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 252-263. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Quote: "Results of the evaluation suggest that, overall, services provided to rape victims provided support, increased information and knowledge, and helped victims to understand options and make decisions. The evaluation approach is notable for its collaborative nature and its sensitivity to rape victims during help-seeking and delivery; however, due to the high levels of distress common among rape survivors, some evaluation methods may not be appropriate for crisis intervention services such as hotline or advocacy."
Campbell, R. (1998). The community response to rape: Victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 355-379. 10.1023/A:1022155003633. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Quote: Of 168 subjects "Results from hierarchical and iterative cluster analysis reveal 3 patterns in victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. One group of victims had relatively positive experiences with all 3 systems, a 2nd group had beneficial outcomes with only the medical systems, and the final group had difficult encounters with all 3 systems. Multinominal logistic regression was then used to evaluate an ecological model predicting cluster membership. Community-level factors as well as features of the assault and characteristics of the victims predicted unique variance in victims' outcomes with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. Findings support a basic tenet of ecological theory: environmental structures and practices influence individual outcomes."
Campbell, R., Wasco, S. M., Ahrens, C. E., Sefl, T., & Barnes, H. E. (2001). Preventing the "second rape": Rape survivors' experiences with community service providers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 1239-1259. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Campbell, R., Sefl, T., Barnes, H. E., Ahrens, C. E., Wasco, S. M., & Zaragoza-Diesfeld, Y. (1999). Community services for rape survivors: Enhancing psychological well-being or increasing trauma?Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 847-858. 10.1037//0022-006X.67.6.847. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
General rape victim advocacy:
Konradi, Amanda,(1996) Understanding rape survivors' preparations for court. Violence Against Women, 2 (1), p25, 37p, 2 charts. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Wemmers, Jo-Anne; Cyr, Katie (2005). Can Mediation Be Therapeutic for Crime Victims? An Evaluation of Victims' Experiences in Mediation with Young Offenders. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice. 47(3) pp. 527-544. link Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Quote:
"The results described here suggest that procedural justice facilitates healing. When victims feel that they have been treated fairly, they are more likely to feel able to put their victimization behind them. As Lind and Van den Bos (2002) suggest, it may be that fair procedures help victims to reduce uncertainty and to regain a sense of control over their lives, thus permitting them to heal."
"When victims suffered re-victimization, they attributed this to the
offender who had failed to take responsibility for his or her actions...In order for restorative justice to have a therapeutic effect, the offender must accept full responsibility for the crime (Scheff 1998). When cases are selected for mediation, great attention must be paid to screening offenders, excluding any who do not take full responsibility for their actions.""Victims' experiences in the justice system may help or hinder their healing process. Restorative justice aims to heal the suffering caused by victimization (Zehr 2002). However, some victim advocates have expressed concern that restorative justice may augment victims' suffering. This article presents the results of an evaluation of the experiences of crime victims who were invited to participate in a mediation program. Using therapeutic jurisprudence as a framework, the study looks at how victims' fear was affected by the program and whether their participation in the program helped with their recovery."
Wasco, S. M., Campbell, R., Barnes, H., & Ahrens, C. E. (1999, June). Rape crisis centers: Shaping survivors ' experiences with community systems following sexual assault. Paper presented at the Biennial Conference of the Society for Community Research and Action, New Haven, CT. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Lerner, Melvin (1980). Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. New York: Plenum
Press. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Campbell, R., & Martin, P. Y. (2001). Services for sexual assault survivors: The role of rape crisis centers. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 227-241). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Chapter Citation. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Campbell, R., & Raja, S. (1999). Secondary victimization of rape victims: Insights from mental health professionals who treat survivors of violence. Violence & Victims, 14, 261-275. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Campbell, R., & Bybee, D. (1997). Emergency medical services for rape victims: Detecting the cracks in service delivery. Women's Health, 3, 75-101. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Campbell, R. (in press). "What really happened?" A validation study of rape survivors' help-seeking experiences with the legal and medical systems. Violence and Victims. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Frazier, P. A., & Haney, B. (1996). Sexual assault cases in the legal system: Police, prosecutor, and victim perspectives. Law and Human Behavior, 20 (6), 607-628. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Martin, P. Y. (2005). Rape work: Victims, gender, and emotions in organization and community context. New York: Routledge. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Martin, P. Y., & Powell, R. M. (1995). Accounting for the second assault: Legal organizations' framing of rape victims. Law and Social Inquiry, 19, 853-890. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Overall victim's rights
Daly, Kathleen (2004) A Tale of Two Studies: Restorative Justice from a Victim's Perspective,
http:/ / www.gu.edu.au/ school/ccj/ kdaly_docs/ kdaly_part2_ paper7.pdfFind this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Fattah, Ezzat A. (2001). Victims' rights: Past, present and future. A global view. In Robert Cario and Denis Salas (eds.), CEuvre de Justice et Victimes, vol. 1. Paris: L'Harmattan Sciences Criminelles. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Maguire, Michael (1991). The needs and rights of victims of crime. In Michael Tonry (ed.). Crime and Justice: A Review of the Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Roach, Kent (1999). Due Process and Victims' Rights: The New Law and Politics of Criminal Justice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Find this journal in a library, Find your local library home page- you can access online articles from home.
Last updated
10/6/07
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The author is not responsible for any contents linked or referred to from his or her pages - unless s/he has full knowledge of illegal contents and would be able to prevent the visitors of his site from viewing those pages. If any damage occurs by the use of information presented there, only the author of the respective pages might be liable, not the one who has linked to these pages. Furthermore the author is not liable for any postings or messages published by users of discussion boards, guestbooks or mailinglists provided on his or her page. The author is not a psychiatrist or physician / medical doctor or legal attorney of any sort. This website is not intended to replace medical, psychiatric or legal care. Please seek professional attention as needed.The Information provided is not intended to replace obtaining medical evaluations and health care advice from qualified health care providers. This site's owners are providing Information for reference only, and do not intend said Information to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical conditions, or for any other purposes.The owner/author of this site MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF SAID INFORMATION, OR THE FITNESS OF THE INFORMATION TO BE USED FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, LOSS, EXPENSE, OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND TO USER, OR TO ANY THIRD PARTY, RELATED TO THE USE OF SAID INFORMATION. Persons accessing any Information of the rape crisis information web site, directly or indirectly, assume full responsibility for the use of the Information and understand and agree that the author of rape crisis information is not responsible or liable for any claim, loss, or damage arising from the use of said Information.
